福建省福州市2005～2015年风疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rubella in Fuzhou City of Fujian Province,2005-2015

目的分析福州市2005-2015年风疹流行病学特征，为制定预防控制风疹和先天性风疹综合征提供参考。方法对中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统及突发公共卫生事件信息报告管理系统报告的福州市风疹发病资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果2005-2015年共报告风疹2358例，无死亡病例；2005—2009年报告发病率逐年上升，由4．38／10万上升到5．33／10万，2009～2015年发病逐年下降；每年3～6月为风疹发病高峰；病例主要分布在城乡结合部和沿海地区，以散发和局部暴发为主；年龄别发病率由2008年前的以〈1岁、5～14岁和15～19岁为主，转变为2015年以〈1岁、1～4岁和20～29岁为主；暴发疫情主要发生在中、小学校。结论福州市2005-2015年风疹报告发病总体呈下降趋势，但仍存在薄弱地区和人群。应继续做好8月龄、18月龄儿童2剂次含风疹成分疫苗（RCV）的常规免疫；适时开展人群RCV补充免疫活动；建议对育龄妇女接种RCV。

Objective To determine epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Fuzhou from 2005 to 2015 and to provide evidence to improve control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Methods We used descriptive epidemiologic methods to analyze rubella data from the Chinese Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System and the Chinese Emergency Public Health Event Reporting System. Results A total of 2 358 rubella cases were reported in Fuzhou from 2005 to 2015 ; no rubella-related deaths were reported. The reported rubella incidence increased from 4.38/100 000 in 2005 to 5.33/100 000 in 2009, and then decreased to 0.08/100 000 in 2015. Rubella cases peaked between March and June each year. Most cases occurred in urban or coastal areas, and were sporadic or clustered in small out- breaks. Rubella incidences were high among children aged 〈 1 year, 5-14 years and 15-19 years from 2005 to 2008, and among children aged 〈 1 year, 1-4 years and 20-29 years in 2015. Most rubella out- breaks occurred in middle and primary schools. Conclusions Rubella incidence declined year by year from 2005 to 2015 in Fuzhou, but high risk areas or populations still exist. We should continue routine immunization of 2-dose rubella-containing vaccine （RCV） at 8 and 18 months of age and conduct RCV supplementary immunization activities in high risk areas; we recommend RCV immunization for women of child-beating age.