中国老年人宗教信仰的城乡差异及原因

Difference of religious belief of the elderly between urban and rural area in China

目的分析城乡老年人的宗教信仰状况。方法使用2010年第三次中国妇女社会地位调查的全国性数据,对老年人宗教信仰的城乡分布、地区分布基本状况进行实证分析。结果老年人宗教信仰存在显著的城乡和地区差异,这主要是城乡老年教徒在经济收入、健康状况、社会养老保障和受教育程度上存在显著差异,以及城乡人口老龄化倒置所导致。老年人信仰宗教形成的信仰共同体提供的社会保障是老年人信仰宗教的重要原因,农村社会保障体系不完善、社会保障水平低是老年人宗教信仰城乡差异的根本原因。结论加快完善农村社会养老保障制度、构建农村老年人社会养老服务体系的任务迫在眉睫。

Objective To analyze the religious situation of rural and urban elderly.Methods The national survey data of the social status on women was analyzed for difference of religious belief in urban and rural areas.Results There were significant differences between rural and urban areas in religious belief of the elderly,which were mainly caused by income,health,social security and pension and level of education,as well as urban and rural aging population inversion.Social security to the elderly provided by community of religious belief forma-tion was an important reason for elderly religious beliefs.Imperfect social security system in rural areas,low level of social security were the root causes of urban-rural differences for the elderly religious.Conclusions It is urgent to accelerate the improvement of rural social security system and build the system of social services in rural elderly.