从传统到近代:民间年画与中国女性生活——以杨柳青年画为中心的考察

From Antiquity to Modernity: Falk Art and Women's Lives in China Based on Paintings for New Years from Yangliuqing

杨柳青年画不仅有着悠久的历史,而且为研究中国女性生活的变迁提供了珍贵的视觉文本。在传统中国,年画中的传统女性生活是男权社会对女性规训后的艺术再现。"仕女画"集中了很多女性形象,也反映了部分女性生活。在近代中国,年画中的女性生活发生了一系列变化,女性主体身份与社会角色也被不断重新定义,体现了民族主义话语及男性知识分子对年画创作者乃至社会的期待。一方面,杨柳青年画艺术地呈现出中国女性从传统到现代的生活变迁及其性别关系、权力关系之调整,另一方面其也展示了视觉文本的独特魅力。

Paintings for New Years from Yangliuqing not only have a long history but also provide a source of valuable visual material for studying changes in Chinese women＇s lives. In traditional China, the Paintings for New Years presented artistic depiction of codes for women＇s conduct under the patriarchal rule. Pictures of young and stylish women, for instance, presented women＇s lives through the many depictions of women＇s images. In contemporary China, the Paintings for New Years exhibited changes in women＇s lives, reflect- ing constant redefinition of women＇s subjectivity and their roles in society under the expectations of a rising nationalist discourse shared by male painters for New Years. While the Paintings for New Years from Yangliujing have presented the transformation from tradition- al to modem Chinese women＇s lives together with changes in gender-based power relationships, they have demonstrated their unique visual influence.