云南省1986-2014年人间鼠疫流行病学特征分析

Human plague epidemiological feature analysis in Yunnan province from 1986 to 2014

目的分析1986-2014年云南省人间鼠疫流行情况,为鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法使用SPSS 19.0软件对云南省人间鼠疫监测资料进行统计学分析。结果 1986-2014年,云南省有10个州(市)的29个县发生人间鼠疫流行,确诊鼠疫患者512例,死亡4例。家鼠鼠疫疫源地确诊鼠疫病例507例,死亡2例,病型均为腺型,主要传染源为黄胸鼠,传播媒介为印鼠客蚤;野鼠鼠疫疫源地确诊鼠疫病例5例,死亡2例,病型均为原发性肺鼠疫,传播途径为密切接触传播,病死率高。结论云南省自1986年至今人间鼠疫流行强度逐渐减弱,截至2014年已经连续9年未发生人间鼠疫病例,鼠疫疫情得到有效控制,但鼠疫防治态势依然严峻。

Objective To provide the scientific evidences for controlling plague by analyzing epidemic situation of human plague for 29 years in Yunnan province. Methods SPSS 19.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data of human plague surveillance in Yunnan province in 1986-2014. Results There were 512 diagnosed cases of plague patients and 4 of them died in 29 counties located in ten city of Yunnan province from 1986 to 2014. There were 507 confirmed plague cases and 2 of them died in the plague natural focus maintained by Rattus tanezumi, and vector Xenopsylla cheopis, which was the bubonic plague; Five cases were confirmed and 2 of them died in the plague natural focus maintained by Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomysmiletus miletus, which was primary pneumonic plague. The route was the close contact transmission, and the fatality rate was high. Conclusion Intensity of human plague epidemic process has been gradually resurging since 1986. Although it has been 9 years that human plague epidemic had not happened and been under control until 2014, the situation of plague control and prevention is still under concern.