攀枝花市鼠疫自然疫源地调查

Investigation on natural plague foci in Panzhihua city, Sichuan, 2014

目的调查攀枝花市鼠疫自然疫源地情况,为鼠疫防控工作提供依据。方法 2014年3-12月采用笼(夹)捕法捕获小兽,对捕获动物及蚤类进行鉴定,检材分离鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌);利用间接血凝试验和胶体金试验检测鼠疫F1抗原及抗体;采集犬、猫、猪等指示动物血清检测鼠疫F1抗体。结果共捕获小兽192只,隶属3目3科10种,捕获率为4.14%,以小家鼠为优势种,占48.96%(94/192);5种小兽25只染蚤,获蚤71匹,隶属5科5属6种,染蚤率为13.02%,蚤指数0.37,室内以印鼠客蚤为优势种,占98.46%(64/65),室外以不等单蚤为优势种,占83.33%(5/6);采集指示动物血清283份,阳性31份(犬28份、猫2份、猪1份),阳性率为10.95%;回顾性调查表明无鼠疫及疑似鼠疫疫情发生的可能,96.77%指示动物(血清学阳性)为本地饲养,以拴(圈)养为主(83.87%)。结论攀枝花市地理景观、宿主动物和媒介昆虫等与相邻的云南省玉龙鼠疫疫源地类似,结合鼠疫阳性抗体分布情况,可能存在鼠疫自然疫源地和鼠疫疫情。

Objective To analyze the possibility of the existence of plague in Panzhihua city, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of plague in the future. Methods The cage/clip capture method was used to catch animals and collected fleas off the animals were identified. Yersinia pestis in specimens was isolated and identified. The indirect hemagglutination test and colloidal gold test were used to detect Y. pestis FI antigen/antibody as indication of plague in animals. Results Captured 192 rodents belonged to 3 orders, 3 families, 10 species, capture rate was 4.14%, Mus musculus was the predominant species, accounting for 48.96%; five kinds of animals, 25 individuals, harbored fleas （5 families, 5 genera, and 6 species）, flea infestation rate was 13.02% and flea index was 0.37. Xenopsylla cheopis was the predominant species （98.46%） indoors, but Monopsyllus anisus outdoors 83.33% （5/6）. In total 283 indicator animal serum samples, 28 from dogs, 2 from cats and 1 from pig, were collected and 31 tested positive, the positive rate was 10.95%. Retrospective study showed meager possibility of plague outbreak. The most （96.77%） indicating animals （seropositive） were locally raised, and 83.87% was captive. Conclusion The enzootic transmission and risk of outbreak do exist in Panzhihua city when one considers the geographical landscape, host animals and vector insects, as well as the similarities to the neighboring Yunnan Yulong plague loci, doubled with seropositive in host animals.