潮流能开发现状、发展趋势及面临的力学问题

DEVELOPMENT STATUS,TREND AND THE PROBLEMS OF MECHANICS OF TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY

随着化石能源大规模应用导致的环境污染问题日益严重,世界各国越来越关注清洁可再生能源的开发和利用.潮流能属于海洋可再生能源,清洁无污染且资源丰富,具有良好的开发前景.21世纪以来,潮流能开发在世界范围内取得较大进步,装机规模呈上升趋势,多种潮流能转换装置进入示范研究或准商业化阶段.在此方面,人们将面临如何利用研制生产的各类转换装置提高对潮流能的利用效率这一关键力学问题.通过调研和分析,详细梳理了我国潮流能资源状况、国内外开发利用最新状况、潮流能开发利用关键技术以及潮流能利用前景,最后结合我国研究现状给出技术发展建议.主要内容包括:潮流能的生成、特点及分布,主要介绍潮流的生成、潮流能的特点、潮流能资源及分布等;潮流能开发利用发展现状,主要介绍潮流能开发利用技术研发进程、国外发展现状、国内发展现状等;潮流能开发利用关键技术,主要介绍能量捕获与转换、传动系统与发电机、潮流能发电阵列布置、海上电网构建、支撑结构等;潮流能开发利用技术研究展望,主要介绍国外潮流能技术研究的重点、我国潮流能技术研究的重点等;我国潮流能开发利用的建议;最后是前景展望.

As energy and climate change are currently two of the most important issues in society, many governments in the world are paying more attentions to renewable energy. Tidal current energy is a kind of ocean renewable energy;its resources are rich and its development prospects are very good. Since the 21 st century, the development of tidal current energy has made great progress worldwide; a variety of tidal current energy generating devices has been in stage of demonstration project or stage of pre-commercialization. In this aspect, people are faced with the key mechanical problems of how to use all kinds of conversion devices to improve the conversion efficiency of tidal current energy. The situation of tidal current energy resources in China, the latest status of development and utilization at home and abroad,key technologies for tidal current energy utilization and utilization prospect of tidal current energy have been reviewed.Finally, the suggestion of technological development has been given combining with the present situation in China. The main contents of this paper are as follows： First, it is about the generation, characteristics and distribution of tidal current energy. The generation of tidal current, the characteristics of tidal current energy and the distribution of tidal current energy resources are mainly introduced in this part. Second, it＇s the development status of the technologies of tidal current energy. The process of the technologies for tidal current energy utilization and the development status in China and abroad are introduced. Third, the key technologies for tidal current energy utilization are described, including the capture and conversion of energy, transmission systems and turbines, array layout of tidal current energy conversion,construction of offshore power grid, support structures, etc. Fourth, it is the prospect of development and utilization of tidal current energy. The research focus of tidal current energy technologies at home and abroad are pointed out. Finally,the suggestions and prospects for the development and utilization of tidal current energy in China are given.