我国劳动密集型制造业是否仍然“劳动密集”——基于要素构成与技术进步偏向的关联考察

Is China's labor-intensive Manufacturing Industries Still“Labor-intensive”——The Empirical Study Based on Relative Frame between Factor Structure and Biased Technical Progress

基于要素构成与技术进步偏向之间的关联机制,对我国劳动密集型制造业近年来是否保持"劳动密集"进行了阶段评估。结合行业数据研究发现:尽管在1994年后进入加速资本深化过程,但我国劳动密集型制造业仍保持了相对的劳动要素密集特征,其技术进步也呈现显著的资本偏向,偏向程度在部分年份甚至高于资本密集型制造业;劳动密集型制造业的资本深化并非技术进步偏向的"内生"结果(Granger),反而是"外生"因素驱动的资本深化引致了资本偏向的技术进步,导致该类产业在要素和技术两个方面持续偏离"劳动密集",因而要重点控制加剧资本深化的"外生"因素,并针对性调节产业技术进步的方向和速度。

Based on the causal relation between factor structure and Biased Technical Progress, the paper made a dynamical study on the question ＂Whether China＇s labor-intensive manufacturing Industries really labor-intensive？＂. Studying the empirical data of China＇s manufacturing industries during 1988 - 2011, the paper found that： China＇s labor-intensive manufacturing industries still retain a relatively labor-intensive feature in lateral comparison, but in Vertical comparison, the feature is continuing weakening. During 1994-2011 in China＇s labor-intensive manufacturing industries, continued capital deepening Granger induced the capital biased technical progress, while the capital deepening process is not Granger caused by biased technological progress, so it can be considered that the induced technological innovation under exogenous capital deepening predominate the technological process of the period, capital-intensive manufacturing industries as well. After long period of capital deepening caused by exogenous factors, the key point of further development of China＇s labor-intensive manufacturing industries is to adapt the direction and speed of technical progress, control the over-speeded capital deepening process and its negative influence.