1960—2012年呼伦贝尔市积雪时空分布特征

The Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Snow Cover in Hulunbeier from 1960 to 2012

文章利用呼伦贝尔市1960—2012年16个气象台站逐月最大积雪深度、积雪日数及其初终日资料,采用显著性检验、S/N(10a滑动)突变检验及Morlet小波分析方法对呼伦贝尔地区积雪的初终日、积雪日数与积雪深度的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:该地区南部阿荣旗的积雪初日通过了0.10显著性检验,北部根河、东北部小二沟、中部海拉尔的积雪终日分别通过0.01、0.05和0.10显著性检验,表明全市积雪呈现初日略推迟、而终日明显提前的特征,反应了高纬度地区升温明显,尤其是春季气温升幅大的气候变化特点;积雪日数年际变化均减少,其中北部根河通过了0.05显著性检验,表明纬度高的地区升温明显对积雪日影响较大;最大积雪深度的年际变化是增大的,其中南部阿荣旗、北部根河、中部海拉尔都通过0.01显著性检验,表明全市的大雪过程随年际变化趋势是增多的或降雪过程量级是增大的特点。Morlet小波分析表明,积雪日数的主要周期为准10a和准20a;积雪深度的主要周期区域间差异较大。

This paper investigated the characteristics of time and space distribution including the early and final-snowed days,and snowday number,snow-depth of 16 meteorological stations in Hulunbeier area during 1960 to 2012 with significant test,S/N（ten year sliding）mutant test,and Morlet wavelet analysis.The result indicated that the early-snowed days in the South of Arong county showed significant（P〈0.01）,the final-snowed days in the North of Gen river,the Northeast of Xiaoergou,the middle of Hailaer showed significant（P〈0.01,P〈0.05,P〈0.01,respectively）,which showed the characteristics of me early-snowed days slightly delay and final-snowed days obvious advance,responsed obviously rising temperature in the region of high latitude,especially temperature increasing greatly in the spring.With time passing,the snow-day number shortened,in the North of Gen river showed significant（P〈0.05）,which showed the effect of high latitude on the snow days is obvious;The maximum snow-depth increased with time passing,in the South of Arong county,the Norm of Gen river,the middle of Hailaer showed significant（P〈0.01）,indicated that the snowfall process or order is the increasing of the annual variation trend of the whole city.According to the analysis of Morlet wavelet,the major cycle of snow-day number were 10 a,20a and was more different regions.