G因素:单一还是层次性组织的多个认知机能

Functional G Factor:Single Cognitive Function or Hierarchical Cognitive Functions

从认知系统的层次观点出发,运用认知-测量相关研究范式,在对速度、工作记忆、语义记忆、控制机能、认知操作、知觉与智力测量的基础上,观察了认知机能与智力水平之间的关系,并讨论了各认知机能决定智力个体差异的作用机制.相关和偏相关、结构方程结果发现:各认知机能、认知操作与智力水平之间相关显著,而偏相关分析中各个认知机能与智力水平相关性不一;假设中的层次模型在路径分析中得到支持而且可以进一步简化,而速度模型和速度调节模型并没有得到支持.因此,影响智力个体差异的认知机能是多源的,各个认知机能以层次结构方式结合在一起影响智力个体差异,单一的认知机能并不能决定智力个体差异;工作记忆、控制机能、加工速度和操作间的结构关系对智力个体差异起主要影响作用,语义网络丰富性和知觉对智力个体差异影响起辅助作用.

Although g plays the crucial role in reasoning,reading and problem solving,there is no consensus on what is the basic cognitive function of the g,and then it is still one research focus about g.From the dimension of cognitive system,the correlation,partial correlation and path analysis were used to explore how the individual difference of intelligence level relates to speed,working memory,control function and cognitive operations,the results were as followed：the cognitive functions and operations are correlated to intelligence level at significant level,and the partial correlations are significant and non-significant;the hypothetic hierarchical model of cognitive functions and operations not only are confirmed by path analysis but also are simplified,the speed model and the speed regulated model are not supported.Some conclusions are drawn.The factors influencing the intelligence level is not single source but multiple sources,those cognitive functions influence individual difference of intelligence level by the form of hierarchical organ,the structure which are made from working memory,control function,speed and cognitive operation play dominant roles in intelligence difference,the semantic net and perception play secondary roles.Lastly,the mechanism which cognitive functions influence the intelligence difference was discussed.