韩国拔河民俗庆典仪式的社会学检视

Korean Tug of War Folk-Custom Ceremony Sociology View

起源于中国古代的拔河及仪式行为,传入韩国后受到韩国民俗思想和传统文化的影响,成为韩国一项非常重要的农业民俗和非物质文化遗产。特别是忠清南道唐津郡机池市,每年都要举行盛大的拔河民俗庆典仪式。笔者通过实地考察研究认为:机池市的拔河仪典融入了韩民族的传统农业文化、传统生活文化、传统礼仪道德文化和传统宗教祭祀文化;庆典仪式的过程体现了"过渡礼仪"分离阶段、边缘阶段以及聚合阶段的特征和功能;仪典中展现了韩国的言灵思想、巫觋思想、灵魂不灭思想、性器官崇拜思想、祭天敬大思想、重农思想等的民俗思想;机池市拔河发展至今逐步融入了海洋文化和商业文化,在拔河民俗庆典仪式过程中,祭祀占卜的内涵逐步淡化,但是作为祭祀行为和一种交流的工具得到进一步重视。

Tug of War and its ceremony originated from ancient China, it was influenced by Korean national thoughts and traditional culture. It has become a very important agricultural and intangible cultural heritage. Especially in Daechi--Ri in Dangjin City in Chungcheongnam--do, people would have grand tug of war folk--custom ceremony each year. Through field investigation the author holds that Daechi--Ri tug of war has integrated Korean agricultural culture, traditional living culture, traditional etiquette and moral culture as well as traditional religion sacrificial culture. The ceremony embodies ＂transition etiquette＂ process of separation stage, marginalization stage and aggregation stage characteristics and functions respectively. The ceremony presents Korean Kotodama thoughts, witch thoughts, spiritual imperishability thought, sexual organs worship thoughts, sacrifice to heaven thoughts, agricultural importance thoughts and other folk-custom thoughts. Daechi-Ri tug of war has integrated their marine and business culture. The sacrifice and auspicial things in the ceremony keeps fading in the process, but it is even more emphasized as a sacrifice behavior and communication tool.