狂欢与体育的互渗:巴赫金狂欢理论视域下的身体之维

Interpenetration between Sports and Carnivals:Body Dimension under the Perspective of Bakhtin's Carnival Theory

以巴赫金的狂欢理论,采用发生学的研究方法对狂欢节的发生流变、身体狂欢中的身体偏差行为、体育赛事与狂欢的互渗以及对身体狂欢行为的动因进行了逻辑反思,研究认为:狂欢节在变迁中出现了神圣性向大众娱乐的世俗性发展趋势,身体狂欢偏差行为在历史上经历非主流到主流的跃迁;身体狂欢是传统狂欢节与体育赛事互渗和耦合的基石;理性与非理性的结构性张力、身体由缺位朝向占位,以及表征社会政治矛盾是身体狂欢行为的动因;体育竞赛既能延续传统狂欢精神也能对身体狂欢活动的负效应进行纠偏;体育狂欢节弥合了传统狂欢节日稀疏化与狂欢精神需求的断裂,同时体育狂欢有助于打破女性狂欢禁忌的坚冰,能够促进真正的性别平等进而实现巴赫金所倡导的全民狂欢。

Based on Bakhtin＇s carnival theory, genetic research methods were used in this paper to logically reflect on the evolution of carnival occurrence, physical deviance in sport carnival, interpenetration between sports events and carnivals and the causes for sport carnival. The study suggests that： carnivals are showing the sacred-to-secular development trend and become popular entertainments in evolution, and sport carnival deviance has experienced the non--mainstream to mainstream transition in the history. Sport carnival is the cornerstone for interpenetration and coupling of traditional carnivals and sports events. The rational and irrational structural tension, orientation from body vacancy towards body occupancy and presentation of social and political contradictions are the causes for sport carnival. Sports competitions can not only extend the traditional carnival spirit but also correct the negative effects of sport carnival activities. Sport carnivals have bridged the gap between the scarcity of traditional carnivals and the spiritual needs of carnival, and sport carnival helps to break the taboos in female carnival to promote the true gender equality and thus realize the nationwide carnival advocated by Bakhtin.