个体行为与自我控制:一个理论综述

A Summary of Theories on Individual Behavior and Self-control

通过牺牲决策者个体的经验直观,自我控制理论引入"(次)偏好"或"(次)个体"的偏好稳定性来维持经济学理论的自洽性。本文对最近十五年以来自我控制理论基础层面的进展进行相关介绍。与通常综述不同的是:1)梳理了自我控制理论的基本框架与发展脉络;2)将自我控制所需的生理与认知资源理解为决策者维持某种结构所付出的代价,并将自我控制理解为异质性决策者的生理与认知资源的定价机制;3)在不变性、福利状态比较和行为驱动因素等方面与竞争理论进行比较,厘清理论结论与方法论的差异;4)从科学体系所需的不变性、关系对称性、嵌套思维、理论与研究对象的关系方面提炼自我控制理论发展中的贡献、局限及未来研究方向。

Self-control theory maintains the interlay consistency of economics with the stability of preferences for sub- selves,which is at the expense of intuitionism of individual decision-makers. This article sorts out the progress of fundamental theory in the last fifteen years. The difference from the usual reviews are： 1 ） Outlining the framework and axioms of self-control; 2 ） Understanding the physiology and cognition resources as the cost of dynamic consistency, and understanding the self-control as a pricing mechanism for heterogeneous decision makers with physiology and cognition resources ;3 ）Comparing with competition theories in invariance, welfare state and drivers of behavior change, and clarifying the difference in conclusions and methodology among competition theories ; and 4） Refining the contributions, limitations and agenda of self-control via the aspects of invariance, symmetry of relationship, nested thinking, the relationship between theoretical system and object of study for a science system.