荣昌县镇街饮用水源地主要污染物健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment of Main Pollutants in Sources of Drinking Water in Rongchang County

[目的]评价荣昌县饮用水源主要污染物的健康风险。[方法]选取荣昌县8个镇街饮用水源地进行水质监测分析及污染源调查,应用目前美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对各饮用水源地的水环境主要污染物进行评价。[结果]在所监测的水库中,水体均存在不同程度的N、P、有机物污染,未出现重金属等指标污染。非致癌物的个人年风险最大为NH3-N,其次为Hg、氰化物,最低为挥发酚,但在枯水期和丰水期均低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平;Cr^(6+)在枯丰水期的个人年风险值均高于ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平,As的个人年风险值低于最大可接受风险水平。[结论]化学致癌物对人体健康的风险远超过非致癌物,Cr^(6+)是对人体有健康风险的主要有毒污染物,对Cr^(6+)的管理和控制是保证镇街饮用水源地水体安全的有效举措。

[Objective] To assess the health risk of main pollutants in sources of drinking water in Rongchang County.[Method] Water quali-ty and pollution sources of eight sources of drinking water in Rongchang County were monitored and investigated, and the main pollutants in water environment of each source of drinking water were evaluated preliminarily by using the health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency （ EPA） .[ Result] There were different levels of pollution from nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in the monitored reservoirs, and there was no heavy metal pollution.The highest individual risk of non-carcinogens was ammonia nitrogen, fol-lowed by mercury and cyanide, while the lowest was volatile phenol, but they were lower than the maximum acceptable risk level recommen-ded by ICRP in the dry and wet season.The individual risk of hexavalent chromium was higher than the maximum acceptable risk level recom-mended by ICRP in the dry and wet season, while the individual risk of arsenic was lower than the maximum acceptable risk level recommen-ded by ICRP in the dry and wet season.[ Conclusion] The damage of chemical carcinogens to human health is far more than that of non-car-cinogens, and hexavalent chromium is the main toxic pollutant to human health , so the management and control of hexavalent chromium is an effective measure to ensure the safety of water at sources of drinking water .