大理国家气候观象台不同观测系统的观测数据差异性分析

Difference analysis on meteorological observation data from different observation systems in Dali National Climate Observatory

利用2007～2008年大理边界层通量观测系统（PBL）、两套地面基准气候观测系统与自动气象站观测资料，对观测得到的气象要素进行统计和评估。通过分析几套系统地温、辐射、气温、气压、相对湿度、风速和风向等要素的变化一致性、对比差值、粗差率和风向相符率，探讨几套观测系统数据差异的可能原因。结果表明：几套系统数据变化一致性较好，地温、气温和相对湿度差值较小，其准确度能够满足日常业务使用；风速和风向有待进一步校准验证，原观测数据仍可使用；辐射、气压观测值差别较大，在使用数据时还需商榷和订正。因下垫面探测环境不同、观测仪器原理不同、传感器的灵敏度和采集方式不同、观测仪器安装不标准、观测系统运行不稳定、故障率高、缺失数据多是造成对比观测差异的主要原因。

Using the data of Dali planetary boundary layer observing system（PBL） from 2007 to 2008, two sets ground-based reference climate observing systems and automatic weather station observation, the observed meteorological elements were performed a statistic and evaluated. According to analyze consistency,difference,gross error rate, wind direction accordant rate, data gap of those data such as ground temperature, radiation, air temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and direction,the possible causes of date differences in sets of observing systems are discussed. The results show that the data changing from several sets of observing systems are in a consistency and the differences among ground temperature,air temperature and relative humidity are small. The accuracy can meet the daily business. Wind speed and wind direction remains to be further validated and calibrated. The original observation data can still be used. Radiation and pressure date are in a great difference, so it needs to discuss and revise. There are several of reasons that caused the data differences such as different surface exploration environments, principles of observation instruments, sensor sensitivity, collection ways, non-standard observational instruments installation, unstable observation system.high failure rate and missing data.