荔枝、龙眼与其属间杂种的茎、叶解剖结构比较

Comparisons of Anatomical Structures of Stem and Leaf among Litchi, Dimocarpus and Genus Hybrids

为比较荔枝(Litchi)和龙眼(Dimocarpus)与其属间杂种的茎、叶解剖结构,采用徒手切片法、组织离析法和石蜡切片法对茎、叶片结构进行观察比较。结果表明,‘杂种A’和‘杂种B’的髓率、树皮率均居于父母本之间,而木质部率、导管总面积/木质部面积的比值、导管分子内径则表现出显著的超亲优势;‘杂种C’和‘杂种D’的树皮率和射线宽度均小于父母本。‘杂种A’和‘杂种B’导管分子无尾和两端水平的频率居于父母本之间,‘杂种C’和‘杂种D’的导管分子形态特征较接近其母本‘石峡’,‘杂种D’的导管分子长度显著大于父母本。4个杂种的叶主脉厚均居于父母本之间,‘杂种D’的叶脉突起度和‘紫娘喜’的栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比值均显著大于其他试材。4个属间杂种叶片表皮细胞的大小、垂周壁的形态均居于父母本之间;荔枝和龙眼叶片表皮特征差异明显,可以作为两属的鉴别特征。4个属间杂种的解剖结构总体上呈现出较明显的偏母遗传效应。

In order to compare the anatomical structures of stem and leaf among Litchi, Dimocarpus and genus hybrids, the structures of stem and leaf were observed by free hand section, tissue segregation procedure and paraffin. The results showed that pith rate and bark rate of ‘Hybrid A＇ and ‘Hybrid B＇ were between male parent and female parent, whereas xylem rate, the ratio of total vessel area to xylem area and vessel element internal diameter showed obvious better-parents advantage. Bark rate and ray breadth of ‘Hybrid C＇ and ‘Hybrid D＇ were less than those of parents. Frequencies of vessel element without tail and with horizontal both ends were between male parent and female parent in ‘Hybrid A＇ and ‘Hybrid B＇. The Morphological characteristics of vessel element also were more close to female parent ‘Shixia＇ in ‘Hybrid C＇ and ‘Hybrid D＇. Vessel element length of ‘Hybrid D＇ was significantly greater than that of its parents. Leaf midvein thickness of four hybrids was between male parent and female parent. Vein protuberant degree of ‘hybrid D＇ and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue of ‘Ziniangxi＇ were significantly greater than those of others. Size of leaf epidermal cell and shape of anticlinal wall in four hybrids were between male parent and female parent. Significant differences in leaf epidermal characteristics between Litchi and Dimocarpus might use as identification of the two genera. The anatomical structure of the four genus hybrids showed a more obvious partial genetic effect.