武宁王陵镇墓兽谱系考

Study on the Pedigree of Tomb Guardian Beasts in the Tomb of King Muryeong

武宁王陵的发掘为中国南朝、百济与日本间文化交流的研究提供了非常重要的资料,国内外学者围绕其墓葬形制、随葬器物展开了持续活泼的讨论。然而,该墓出土的镇墓兽并未引起学界的重视,相关讨论甚少。通过与南朝地下、地上镇墓兽的比较,并将之置于中国古代镇墓兽整个发展史之宏观下考察,可以明确武宁王陵镇墓兽直接承自南朝地下镇墓兽,同属于"四足步行形"镇墓兽之谱系。这类镇墓兽起源于西汉时期西北地区,历经东汉、三国、西晋、东晋、南朝各代,由西北向东南传播和发展,其影响远及朝鲜半岛。

The excavation of the tomb of King Muryeong provides very important information for the study of the cultural exchangeamong the Southern Dynasties, Baekje and Japan. Discussion about the tomb style, burial objects are carried out among scholars athome and abroad. However, the unearthed tomb guardian beasts did not draw any attentions, let alone discussion. By comparison withthe underground and aboveground tomb guardian beasts in the Southern Dynasties under the background of the entire history of ancientChinese tomb guardian beasts, we found that the tomb guardian beasts of King Muryeong were directly originated from the undergroundtomb guardian beasts of the Southern Dynasties, which belongs to 'quadruped' tomb guardian beasts. This type of tomb guardian beastswere originated from the the Western Han Dynasty period in Northwest China. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, theWestern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Southern Dynasties, it spread and developed from Northwest to Southeast withprofound influence to the Korean Peninsula.