PFOS和PFOA的水生生物基准探讨及对中国部分水体生态风险的初步评估

Development of Aquatic Life Criteria for PFOS and PFOA and Preliminary Assessment for the Ecological Risk of Some Water Bodies in China

全氟辛基磺酸盐(PFOS)和全氟辛酸盐(PFOA)是中国淡水环境中广泛存在的两种典型全氟类污染物,中国目前尚缺乏PFOS和PFOA的淡水水生生物基准值。收集PFOS和PFOA对中国本土水生生物的毒性数据,利用美国环境保护局推荐的物种敏感度排序法推算了这两种物质的水生生物基准,获得PFOS的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为32.9μg·L^(-1)和1.97μg·L^(-1),PFOA的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为46.1 mg·L^(-1)和5.46 mg·L^(-1),两者的基准阈值表现出数量级的差异。针对中国部分淡水水体中PFOS和PFOA的污染水平,采用商值法(RQ)评价了两种污染物的生态风险,结果表明,PFOS和PFOA尚未对中国淡水环境中水生生物产生风险,处于可以接受的程度。

Perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） and perfluorooctanoate （PFOA） are widely existing as two typical perfluorinated pollutants in water body in China. There are no aquatic life criteria for PFOS and PFOA in China now. In this study, we collected the toxic data of PFOS and PFOA on local species in China to develop the aquatic life criteria using the sensitive species rank method （SSR） recommended by US Environmental Protection Agent （US EPA）. The results showed that the acute and chronic criterion values were 32.9 μg·L^-1 and 1.97 μg·L^-1 for PFOS, 46.1 mg·L^-1 and 5.46 mg·L^-1 for PFOA, respectively, which had the difference of magnitude. The ecological risk of PFOS and PFOA exposed in the part of the freshwater bodies were assessed by the risk quotient （RQ） method and the results showed that PFOS and PFOA had not posed significant ecological risk, which was at the acceptable level.