内蒙古巴音华煤矿区自然定居植物群落物种多样性变化分析

Analysis on Diversity Changes in Naturally Colonized Plant Communities of the Bayinhua Mining Area in Inner Mongolia

为探明矿区植被恢复过程中群落演替变化规律,采用二元指示种分析（TWINSPAN）方法将巴音华矿区的植物群落进行数量化,同时也运用SPDIVERS.BAS物种多样性分析软件分析巴音华采矿干扰下的物种多样性变化,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Alatalo均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度和Patrick丰富度分析了物种综合多样性、均匀度和丰富度、离矿中心距离的变化。结果显示：随着采矿干扰影响的减弱,物种丰富度显著升高,均匀性显著降低,综合多样性显著升高。巴音华矿干扰比较大的110 m处,主要以沙蓬（Agriophyllum squarrosum）等杂草为主;220m处以糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）为主;300-500 m处以冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）为主;离矿中心的660-1 100 m处,植被开始恢复,主要以羊草（Aneurolepidium chinense）与冰草（Agropyron cristatum）为主。

In order to figure out community succession variation of vegetation restoration in mining area, this article used TWINSPAN method for quantity division of natural plant community and species diversity of software SPDIVERS. BAS is used for analyzing the species diversity of mining interference in Bayinhua. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Pielou index, Alatalo evenness index, Margalef richness and Patrick richness were selected to analyze the change of species richness, evenness and diversity in the distance from the mining center. The results showed that with the decline of mining interference, the species richness increased significantly, the evenness significantly reduced and the comprehensive diversity increased significantly. Mining interference in the 110meters distance from mining center is mainly Agriophyllum squarrosum etc, the 220 m distance is mainly Cleistogenes squarrosa, the 300-500 m distance is mainly Artemisia frigida.In the distance of 600-1100 m, vegetation began to recover, is mainly Leymus chinensis and Agropyron cristatum.