台州湾滨海湿地植物区系

Floristic analysis of coastal wetland plants in Taizhou Bay,Zhejiang, China

台州湾通过近200 a的海滨滩涂围垦,形成了近2万hm2的滨海内陆湿地。为了评估不同围垦期的植物多样性,对围垦以后自然侵入滨海内陆湿地的维管植物进行实地调查,自海岸向内陆的分析结果表明:台州湾湿地维管植物区系受到围垦年限、土壤含盐量等外因条件的影响,植物种类较多,共有维管植物380种,隶属于254属88科;以草本植物为主,占总植物种数的66.6%;特有程度低;单种属和少种属数量较多,具有一定的生态脆弱性;区系地理成分复杂,热带成分和温带成分各半,具有明显的亚热带到北温带的过渡性。此外,该区系盐生植物丰富,有典型的盐生植物有23种,也是外来入侵植物的重灾区,计有83种,且随着湿地发育时间的增加,种类逐年增加。

In the past 200 years, nearly 20 000 hm2 of coastal wetlands have been formed by enclosing coastal tidal flats in Taizhou Bay. To estimate local biodiversity of the coastal wetland plant communities with different histories after reclamation, a survey of plant species composition from the coast toward the city center was conducted. All the species recorded in this survey were classified by their geographical distribution. Then comparative analysis between the flora from Taizhou Bay and from the whole Zhejiang Province was used. Results indicated that flora from vascular plant communities in the study site were influenced by the reclamation history and soil conditions. Plant richness was high with 380 species, 254 genera, and 88 families. Herbs were the dominate group comprising 66.6% of all plant species. Few endemic species were found, and genera with only one species or a few species were abundant creating high ecological vulnerability in the region. The geographical elements of the flora were complex. Tropic and temperate components were co-dominant in the flora, which reflected a transitional characteristic from the Subtropical Zone to the North Temperate Zone. Salty plants were plentiful with 23 species. With 83 invasive species, this region was also suffering from a biological invasion that was increasing with reclamation time. This founding helps to understanding the biodiversity in the coastal wetland, and provides basic background for local biodiversity conservation.