速生林木对重金属污染土壤植物修复技术研究进展

Research progress of heavy metal phytoremediation technology of fast-growing forest trees in soil

植物修复技术是目前国际上常用的一种用于修复重金属污染土壤的绿色环保技术。目前研究的修复材料主要集中在重金属超积累植物上面,而对速生林木方面的研究相对较少,且研究重点主要侧重于对修复材料的筛选。一般超积累植物主要集中在草本植物,它们对重金属具有吸收和转运能力,但其生物量小,生长缓慢,根系不发达等因素限制了在植物修复中的运用。速生林木相比超积累植物,具有生物量大,生长迅速等特点,将其应用在植物修复中可为大面积修复重金属污染土壤提供选择。综述了速生林木用于重金属土壤修复的特点,从对重金属的胁迫耐性、吸收转运、累积分布、强化技术及修复材料的回收利用方面进行论述,并为今后速生林木修复土壤重金属污染提供了新的研究思路。

Phytoremediat io n is a green and environmental technology used for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation which is commonly used in the world currently. However, the research materials are mainly concentrated on hyperaccumulating plants especially for the screening of remediation species, and less research focus on the fast-growing trees. Hyperaccumulators mainly concentrated in herbaceous plants and had strong ability of absorption and transport of heavy metals because of their ability, but due to the reason of smaller size,low biomass, slow growth rate and undeveloped root the application was limited. Compared with the hyperaccumulators, the fast-growing trees have the advantages of high biomass and rapid growth, etc. The application of fast-growing trees in phytoremediation provides a choice for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil of large area. This paper reviews the characteristics of fast-growing trees used for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation. At the same times, the tolerance, absorption, transportation, accumulation, distribution, strengthening technology and recycling of fast-growing trees as a remediation materials are also discussed in this paper,which could provides a new research viewpoint in the future.