对美国适应性水中运动合作模式的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Models of Cooperation in Adapted Aquatics of the United States

主要采用文献资料、比较研究、归纳演绎等方法,通过梳理美国适应性水中运动四种合作模式——医疗模式、教育模式、休闲模式、跨科际模式的发展背景、定义、内容、目的、实施者等,对比四种模式特点,指出仅医疗、教育、休闲单一模式的适应性水中运动并不能有效满足障碍人士的整体需要,而将几种模式融合为一体而实现全人疗育的跨科技模式则为较理想的水中运动模式;借鉴美国适应性水中运动模式,根据我国现状,建议从政策制度、经费支持保障,组织机构和环境体系建立以及专业人才培养等方面促进我国适应性水中运动的发展。

By using literature review,comparative research,induction and deduction method and many other research methods,through carding four models of collaboration in American adapted aquatics- medical- therapeutic model,educational model,recreation model and transdisciplinary model（ including the development and evolution,definition,content,goals and providers of each model）,and comparing the characteristics of four models,this article has pointed that the adapted aquatics in only a single model like medical- therapeutic,educational or recreation cannot effectively meet the overall needs of the individuals with disabilities,but the transdisciplinary model which blends the other models into a whole and achieves intervening and treating the person as a whole is an ideal model of the adapted aquatics. Learning from the models of Cooperation in Adapted Aquatics of the United States and according to the current adapted aquatics situation of China,this paper suggests that it is to promote the development of adapted aquatics in our country from the aspects of the policy regime and financial support,establishing of organization and environment system and improving the professional personnel training.