婴儿组居民食入途径辐射环境影响评价模式研究

Research on the Assessment Method of Doses to Infants from Ingestion

核电厂运行状态下对厂址周围公众的剂量评价中,由于食谱、生活习性以及剂量转换因子的不同,一般将公众个人分为成人、青少年、儿童和婴儿四个年龄组。婴儿组居民的膳食组成与食物消费量调查结果存在较大的不确定性,调查过程存在较大的困难。按两种不同辐射影响评价模式分别估算婴儿组居民食入途径的内照射剂量:一种是由婴儿组居民食物消费量数据直接估算剂量,另一种通过母乳途径的母亲摄入量所致婴儿食入剂量转换系数估算。对比两种评价模式的评价结果,发现两种评价模式下得到的婴儿组食入剂量大小较为接近,但是具体到各个放射性核素,其所致的剂量大小有显著差异。实际应用中应根据食谱调查数据和婴儿大小选择适当的评价模式。

Public individuals are devided into four age groups of adult, youth, child and infant due to the difference in food consumption, living habit and age-dependent dose coefficients in the assessment of doses to public individuals from effluents of nuclear power plant under operational states. There are great uncertainties and difficuties in the investigation of characteristic and amount of infant food. Two assessment methods are applied to calculate the internal exposure dose to infants from ingestion： one is calculated from the investigated food cunsumption data, the other is calculated by dose coefficients for infants consuming breast-milk after intake by the mother. It can be concluded from the calculation results that doses to infants from ingestion calculated in two methods are close, but doses from different radionuclides vary significantly. Proper assessment mothod should be chosen in application according to the inves-tigated food cunsumption data and infant age.