论“以文运事”的散文与“因文生事”的小说

The Prose Reproduces the Fact that Have Occurred and the Novel Describes Virtual World

散文与小说虽然同属于叙事文学,但二者存在着本质区别。就真实性而言,散文要再现已经发生的事实,是"从记忆中抄出来的";小说要表现虚拟的世界,离不开虚构。就创作心理而言,散文更多地需要联想;小说更多地需要想象。就作家的文化素养而言,散文作者在作品中是完全裸露的,其文化人格全部投射在作品的字里行间;小说作者则完全是隐蔽的,可以通过"隐形作者"或"叙述者"去发声,作品中人物的是非曲直、有无修养,与作者无关。当然,散文与小说有区别,也有联系。小说化散文与散文化小说昭示着二者之间的关联,在二者的对比分析中,更有助于我们准确地把握散文的文体特征,无疑将对散文叙事学的建立起到推动作用。

Prose and novels, though both belong to the narrative literature, are essentially different. In terms of authenticity, the prose reproduces the fact that have occurred, i.e., ＂a copy out of the memo- ry＂. The novel describes virtual world, and thus, is inseparable from fictions. In terms of creative mental- ity, prose needs more associations while novel needs a lot of imaginations. As for the cultural literacy of the author, the prose author is completely exposed in his works with all his cultural personality projected in the lines of work. The author of a novel is hidden and needs to vocalize through an ＂invisible author＂ or a ＂narrator＂. Therefore, the characters in the works, as well as their rights and wrongs, have nothing to do with the author. Prose and fiction, beside such difference, share something in common. The novel- ized prose and prose-like novels indicate the connection between prose and novels. Comparative analysis of the novelized prose and prose-like novels will help us to grasp the stylistic feature of the prose more accurately, and thus undoubtedly promote the establishment of the prose narrative.