横向暴力对护士心理健康及职业的影响

Impacts of Lateral Violence among Nurses on their Mental Health and Occupation Development

目的探讨护士之间横向暴力发生的现状及护士之间横向暴力对护士身心健康的影响。方法选取3家三甲医院、3家二甲医院护士,每个医院随机抽取120人,采用自编护士横向暴力调查问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对护士经历横向暴力的现状及身心健康状况进行调查。结果 1三甲医院护士近一年内有6.7%的护士遭受过显性暴力、31.7%的护士遭受过隐性暴力、43.3%的护士两者皆有。二甲医院护士近一年内有8.3%的护士遭受过显性暴力、37.5%的护士遭受过隐性暴力、39.2%的护士两者皆有。2三甲医院护士与二甲医院护士SCL-90得分,各因子分和阳性项目数显著高于国内常模(P<0.05或P<0.01),并有5个因子(躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性)显著高于国内常模(P<0.05)。结论护士之间横向暴力普遍存在,以显性暴力和隐性暴力并存的形式为主,隐性暴力发生比显性暴力较多,横向暴力危害护士的身心健康,降低护理质量。

Objective To investigate the status quo of lateral violence among nurses and its impact on their mental health. Methods Three tertiary hospitals and three secondary hospitals,with 120 nurses from each hospital,are selected. Questionnaires and Symptom Checklist（ SCL-90） for lateral violence are used. Results① In the recent year,6. 7% of the nurses in the three tertiary hospitals have suffered overt violence,while 31. 7%have suffered recessive violence and 43. 3 percent have suffered both; 8. 3% of the nurses in the three secondary hospitals have suffered overt violence,while 37. 5% have suffered recessive violence and 39. 2% have suffered both. ②Factors and positive items of the SCL-90 scores of the nurses in the tertiary and secondary hospitals are significantly higher than the national norm（ P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）,among which five factors（ somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,psychosis） are significantly higher than the national norm（ P〈0. 05）.Conclusion Lateral violence among nurses is ubiquitous,present with the forms of both overt and recessive violence. There exists more recessive violence than overt violence. Lateral violence endangers both physical and mental health of the nurses,reducing the quality of care.