女性与死刑:美国经验与本土探索

Woman and Death Penalty: American Experience and Indigenous Exploration

在美国的司法实践中,女性犯罪人被判处或执行死刑的数量与比例要远低于男性犯罪人。死刑适用中严重的性别歧视问题引发了美国学者的广泛关注与激烈讨论。他们主要从司法制度与公众情感两方面探讨造成这一现象的原因,提出了"骑士精神"、"邪恶女性"等理论,并就性别歧视与平等保护的原则冲突与协调展开深入论述。这些研究成果对进一步推进我国死刑改革具有借鉴意义。除了严重违背女性社会性别的罪行之外,我国应当严格限制对女性适用死刑。

In American judicial practice, female offenders who are judged and executed by death pen- alty are far less than male offenders. The serious gender discrimination in application of death penalty has a- roused more and more concerns and fierce debates by American scholars, who seek the causations from two aspects of judicial system and public sensibilities. The ＂Chivalry Theory＂ and the ＂Evil Woman Theory＂ are proposed and the conflict and coordination between gender discrimination and equal protection are deep- ly discussed. These researches can offer valuable reference for the reform on death penalty in China. The death penalty for female offenders should be strictly applied in China except for those crimes in serious vio- lation of female social gender.