锌营养评价方法在中国农村2～5岁儿童中的应用

Systemic evaluation of zinc nutritional status for children aged 2-5 years from rural areas of China in 2002

目的应用世界卫生组织、联合国儿基会、国际原子能组织和国际锌营养咨询委员会联合推荐的锌营养评价方法,科学全面评估2002年中国农村2-5岁抽样儿童锌营养状况。方法基于＂2002年中国居民营养与健康状况监测＂项目,采用分层随机抽样和与人口成比例随机抽样相结合的方法在中国4类农村地区随机抽取2-5岁儿童。运用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定血浆锌,并收集整理3 d 24 h膳食记录和医学体检资料,进而从血浆锌含量、膳食锌摄入和儿童生长发育水平等3方面对锌营养状况进行全面评价。结果 2002年中国农村2-5岁儿童血浆锌中位数浓度为714.9μg/L,锌缺乏率45.5%;膳食锌摄入中位数5.9 mg/d,锌摄入不足率18.1%;2-5岁儿童生长发育Z评分-0.8,生长发育迟缓率18.2%。结论 2002年中国农村2-5岁儿童锌营养状况整体欠佳,且以血浆锌水平和第四类农村儿童锌营养状况表现最为突出。锌营养评价方法为合理评估儿童早期锌营养状况提供了数据和技术参考。

Objective To perform zinc nutritional assessment of children aged 2- 5years in rural areas of China according to the joint recommendation by the WHO /UNICEF / IAEA / IZi NCG. Methods Based on the project of China Nutrition and Health Survey 2002（ CNHS 2002）, a stratified sampling combined with the probability proportional to population size sampling method was employed. The concentration of plasma zinc was determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasm mass spectrometry, and the data of dietary zinc intake and the physical examination was collected. The assessment of zinc nutrition was obtained by 3 aspects of indicators involving plasma zinc,dietary zinc intake and the development of growth. Results Plasma zinc concentration was 714. 9 μg / L,and 45. 5% of children with zinc deficiency.Dietary zinc intake was 5. 9 mg / d,and the prevalence of inadequate dietary zinc intake was 18. 1%. The height for age Z score was- 0. 8,with 18. 2% of children who were stunted. Conclusion Zinc nutritional status of children aged 2- 5 years in rural areas is poor in the CNHS 2002. The status of plasma zinc is utmost serious in comparison withother indicators. The status of zinc nutrition in children aged 2- 5 years from the 4th rural areas is required to be continuous attention. Zinc nutrional assessment provides an extremely useful information and technical reference for early childhood.