云南省掌鸠河流域近300年来聚落空间演变

Pattern evolution of settlement space in the Zhangjiuhe Basin,Yunnan province, during the past 300 years

研究聚落在山地中的空间演变过程对探讨历史时期山地的土地利用变化和人地关系具有重要意义。以云南省掌鸠河流域为研究区,综合利用地名志资料、历史文献资料和田野调查资料等建立聚落信息数据库,重建了流域内近300年来聚落的分布格局和演变进程。研究表明:在时间上,近300年来掌鸠河流域聚落的发展可分为缓慢增长阶段(1701-1800年)、高速增长阶段(1801-1950年)和缓慢增长阶段(1951-2000年)。在空间上,中下游河谷地带始终是聚落密度最大的区域,并呈现出由中下游向中上游,再由中上游向中下游,由河谷向两侧边远山区扩展的趋势。影响山地流域聚落演变的主要因素中,高程2200 m和2500 m、坡度20°是聚落扩展的重要界限,人口数量的增长是聚落数量增加和空间扩展的主要驱动力,少数民族的迁移与定居增强了聚落分布的垂直性特征。

It is of significance to study the settlement space evolution processes in mountainous areas in exploring the changes in land use and the man-land relationship in different historical stages. The Zhangjiuhe Basin, Yunnan province is studied as the subject in reconstruction of settlement distribution pattern and evolution process over 300 years in the basin through establishment of settlement information database based on the comprehensive utilization of toponymy records, historical documentaries and field investigation data. The results show that,the increase of the number of settlements in the Zhangjiuhe Basin in the past 300 years can be identified in three stages, namely slow growth stage（1701 to 1800）, fast growth stage（1801 to1950） and another slow growth stage（1951 to 2000）. Spatial study shows the valleys at middle and lower reaches of the river has the greatest density of settlements, which expanded from the middle and lower reaches to middle and upper reaches, and vice versa, as well as from the valley areas to the remote mountainous areas at both sides. As for the primary factors affecting evolution of settlements in the basin, the boundary of natural environmental condition was always broken through, but the areas at the height of 2200 m and 2500 m and with the slope of20 degrees are the important limits for the expansion of settlements. The growth of population is the main driving forces for the settlements expansion. Immigration and settlement of minorities enhanced the feature in the vertical direction of the mountainous settlements.