中国城市用地与人口规模分布时空动态比较——以环渤海地区为例

Comparison on spatio-temporal dynamics of urban land and population size distribution in China:A case study of the Bohai Rim

复合1992-2012年DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光等多源遥感数据和统计数据,运用多种城市规模分布理论方法,对城市用地与人口规模分布时空演变特征进行系统比较。结果表明:环渤海地区城市用地规模增长速度明显快于城市人口规模增长速度,城市人口规模分布比城市用地规模分布更为均衡;城市用地规模呈首位型分布但首位优势在减弱,城市人口规模呈位次型分布但首位优势在增强;位序迅速上升的城市主要位于山东省和河北省,位序显著下降的城市主要位于辽宁省。环渤海地区城市规模空间分布呈显著的区域差异和空间极化特征,且城市用地规模分布空间特征比城市人口规模分布更为突出。研究结论可为优化区域城市空间开发格局、促进人地系统可持续发展提供参考。

City size distribution is an important and classical issue in urban geography research. Researchers have found that the city sizes, usually measured by urban population or urban land, tend to follow some specific distributions even if individual cities change their sizes and functions. However, existing studies on city size distribution were mainly based upon the urban population information because the urban land information is difficult to obtain.Furthermore, the comparative study on the spatio- temporal dynamics of urban land and population size distribution is particularly rare. Therefore, in this paper, based on four methods（i.e., the city primacy index, the rank- size rule, the Gini coefficient and the rank- clock）, the spatio- temporal dynamics of city size distribution measured by urban land as well as urban population from 1992 to 2012 in the Bohai Rim were analyzed and compared. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program＇s Operational Linescan System（DMSP/OLS） stable nighttime light data, the normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） and the land surface temperature（LST） data were used to extract urban land information. In addition, statistical materials were used to obtain urban population information. The similarities and differences of city size distribution between urban land and urban population in the Bohai Rim from 1992 to2012 were summarized as follows. Over time, urban land in the Bohai Rim grew faster than urban population. However, the distribution of city sizes measured by urban population was more even than the counterpart measured by urban land. The city sizes measured by urban land appeared to be the first- place distribution with a decline of the primate superiority, while the city sizes measured by urban population appeared to be the rank-size distribution with a rise of the primate superiority. The cities with rapid rises in rank were mainly distributed in Shandong and Hebei provinces, whereas the cities with obvious declines in rank were mainly distributed in Liaoning province. The city size distribution exhibited significant regional differences and spatial polarization. This phenomenon is more evident when the city sizes were measured by urban land than urban population. These findings could play an important role in regional urban planning and optimization.