学术情境试题的目标定位与编制策略

Target Localization and Strategies of Developing Academic Context Items

试题的情境会影响学生解决或解释问题的策略,国际大型教育测评都有很强的情境意识。学术情境以真实科学情境为背景,按照学术研究一般路径呈现信息,学生需通过理解情境发现问题,运用已有知识储备建构解决问题的路径,并且加以应用。学术情境试题的目标定位瞄准测评学生的科学素养,引领学生建构及应用知识。学术情境试题的编制策略可归纳为:(1)以隐含的方式创设科学问题;(2)融入真实的科学情境、梯度合理,并且遵循学术逻辑的问题链;(3)配置紧扣问题、跨学科、适度超前的新知识;(4)呈现支持建构、供给及时、多元互补的信息库。

The context of examination questions will affect the students＇ strategies of solving or explaining the problem that is why other large-scale international assessments pay attention to the situation of test questions. Academic context takes the real scientific context as the background, and presents information according to the general path of academic research. Students need to find the problem by understanding the context, then construct the path of solving problems by using the existing stock of knowledge and apply it. The academic situation questions aim to test students＇ scientific literacy, to lead students to construct and apply knowledge. The strategies of developing academic context items can be summarized as follows： （a） putting forward scientific issues with an implied way;（b） blending in the real scientific and reasonable gradient, and abide by the problem chain of academic logic; （c）setting closely linked issues, interdisciplinary, moderately advanced new knowledge; （d） presenting an information bank with supported construction, prompt supply and multiple complement.