战后美国对前殖民地国家的语言渗透——以福特基金会在印度的语言推广为例

Language Infiltration of America in the Former Colonial Countries after the Second World War——With the example of the language promotion of Ford Foundation in India

第二次世界大战之后,一些前殖民地国家在民族独立的过程中面临着语言选择的问题。随着东西方冷战格局的形成,美国也相应地调整了其语言推广策略。改组后的福特基金会作为当时美国最大的基金会在对外语言文化推广方面发挥了重要作用。借助米歇尔·福柯的微观权利学说分析福特基金会在印度所进行的语言推广活动,从其语言推广的策略制定、实施主体及实施方式等方面揭示微观权力的运用,使我们清晰地看到了美国成功的语言推广背后的原因所在,他们的成功经验对我国的语言文化推广工作有一定的借鉴作用。

During the process of national independence,many former colonial countries are faced with the language choice after the Second World War.With the formation of the confrontation and cold war between the two major camps of socialism and capitalism,America adjusted the language promotion strategies accordingly.As the most important foundation in America of the time,the reorganized Ford Foundation played an important role in the language and culture promotion.By using the micro-power theory of Michel Foucault,this paper analyzed the language promotion of Ford Foundation in India from the strategy formulation,implementation body and implementation method to reveal the application of micro-power,thus we can see the reason of the successful language promotion of America clearly.Their successful experience can be used to the language and culture promotion of China to some extent.