人口空间集疏的地域偏好与规律研究

Laws and Territorial Preference of Population Aggregating and Dispersing

大规模且方向一致性的人口迁移形成人口空间分布的集聚和疏散格局并对地域主体功能产生影响,这一迁移类型称为人口的空间集疏。人口空间集疏是人类迁移意愿、迁移能力和地域空间差异三要素契合的产物。不同类型的人口空间集疏分别对应特定的空间偏好、迁移能力和集聚疏散规律。利用历年人口普查和抽样调查数据证实现阶段经济型人口集疏是我国人口空间集疏的主体,经济型迁移的主体是中等偏下收入人群,这与经典的西方人口迁移理论有所不同。利用经济统计数据和广东东莞、四川汶川两个地区的实际调研数据,分别计算区域的产业结构特点,以及由于人口集疏带来的经济发展,人口密度和自然环境变化,结果表明城乡之间、省域之间、东中西三大地带间的发展水平差距与产业结构差异决定了经济型迁移人口的规模、结构和方向。经济型人口集疏过程强化了地域功能特色,并加速了空间均衡模式的形成。

Different kinds of migration often present different spatial preference,migration ability and different laws.Mass migration which has the same migration direction leads to different population distributions and has impact on the territorial function.This kind of migration was defined as population aggregation and dispersion.Migration would happen when people have moving willing and migrating ability,also there were territorial differences at the same time.By analyzing the population census data and sample survey data,it was verified that economic migration was the largest part of migration.Majority of the migration were the low income people but not the poorest people.This phenomenon was different from the migration described in the classic western migration laws.The regional economic feature was captured by calculating the industrial location quotient.And the impact of population aggregating and dispersing such as the economic growth,the population density changes and the natural environmental changes was described and calculated by field investigation in Dongguan of Guangdong Province and in Wenchuan of Sichuan Province.The results showed that difference of industrial structure and developing gap between city and village or regions determines the scale of economic migration.And the differences also affect the individual vocation choice,which was reflected as the migration job structure from the macroscopic observation.The difference between territories had effect on the migration direction.The population aggregation and dispersion stress the territorial feature and accelerate the spatial equivalence.