1861年改革前夕俄国贵族的政治地位初论

Russian Nobility' s Political Status Before the Reform of 1861

在1861年农民改革前,贵族是俄国的特权等级,拥有土地财产权和对农奴的所有权,并且在沙皇专制下维持等级自治的地位。俄国贵族拥有巨大的政治潜力,但同时保留着对皇权的依附性。贵族与官僚的关系比较复杂,既有融合又有冲突,到改革开始时贵族的反官僚倾向日趋激化。贵族的政治状况对1861年农民改革的进程产生了重大影响。

Before peasant reform of 1861,the Russian nobility was privilege level,possessed the ownership of land and serfs,maintained hierarchical autonomy under the tsarist autocracy.Russian nobility had enormous political potential,but still retained the dependence of imperial power.Relationship between Russian nobility and bureaucracy was more complicated,they mixed together and conflicted with each other.Before the reform,the anti-bureaucratic tendency of nobility increasingly intensified.Political conditions of Russian nobility had a significant impact of the reform process in 1861.