从台湾地区进口甲鱼蛋传入疫病的风险评估

Import Risk Analysis of Turtle Eggs Imported from Taiwan

近年来,随着海峡两岸贸易的增长,来自台湾地区的甲鱼蛋输入量猛增。为了在促进两岸贸易的同时,防止有害生物传入,保护大陆地区养殖业安全和人民健康,根据世界贸易组织SPS协定的有关原则,对从台湾地区输入的甲鱼蛋携带的霍乱弧菌等10种细菌和甲鱼虹彩病毒等8种病毒进行了风险分析。评估结果表明:从台湾地区输入甲鱼蛋的主要风险是蛋表面在自然条件下可能被病原性微生物,如细菌和病毒等污染。这些病原可能会随着甲鱼蛋传播到大陆地区,造成疾病流行,或者危害人类健康。虽然其风险不高,但一旦传入,会造成一定的负面影响,其中有些病原也会引起严重后果,因而必须进行适当监管。监管重点是控制蛋表面污染的微生物。基于风险评估,本研究提出了3个风险管理备选方案。

In recent years,import of turtle eggs from Taiwan increased rapidly along with the development of trade between two sides of the Taiwan Straits. In order to promote the trade between two sides of the Taiwan Straits while preventing the spread of harmful microorganisms,to protect human health and safety of aquaculture in mainland,risk analysis was conducted to assess the risk of importing turtle eggs from Taiwan according to the relevant principles in WTO SPS Agreement . According to preliminary analysis,10 kinds of bacteria and 8 kinds of viruses were assessed in this risk analysis. Revealed by the assessment results：In general,importing turtle eggs from Taiwan was not a high-risk activity. The major risk was that the egg surface might be contaminated by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and virus. These pathogens might spread from Taiwan to mainland and cause epidemics or health hazard. Although such risk was not very high,once introduced,an incident would lead to certain negative effects,and some of these pathogens might cause seriouscon sequences. Therefore,proper management was required. Its focus was to control the microbial contaminating egg surface,which was the key to further reduce the risk of pathogens spreading to an acceptable level. Based on the above assessment,three options for risk management were proposed in this report.