角膜上皮层基底细胞及其基底膜的研究进展

Research progress of corneal epithelial basal cells and basement membrane

角膜上皮细胞最底层的柱形细胞称为基底细胞，其细胞质内含有由角蛋白构成的中间丝，该结构在基底细胞分泌基底膜中起到重要作用。糖尿病及眼科手术后（如白内障、屈光手术）发生的角膜上皮功能障碍，均与基底细胞的异常密切有关。角膜上皮层基底膜是一种高度特异的细胞外基质，由透明层与致密层组成，在角膜上皮更新及损伤后修复中发挥重要的桥梁作用。临床上常见的外伤后反复性角膜上皮病变、角膜营养不良、大泡性角膜病变及圆锥角膜等的发病，均与基底膜的功能异常有关。本文对角膜上皮层基底细胞及其基底膜的研究及其进展进行总结，以期为临床工作提供参考。（中华眼科杂志，2016，52：703-707）

The cylinder cells at the bottom of corneal epithelial cells are basal cells. Their cytoplasm contains keratin intermediate filament which is important in secretion of basement membrane. Corneal epithelial dysfunction due to diabetes or ocular surgery is intimately related with basal cell abnormality. Corneal epithelial basement membrane is a highly specific extracellular matrix which is made up of lamina lucida and lamina densa. It plays an extremely important role in renewal and restoration. Many ocular abnormalities and diseases have been described to relate to the corneal epithelial basement membrane, such as traumatic recurrent corneal erosion, corneal dystrophy and keratoconus.