中国佛教社会工作的伦理与实践——基于文化和历史传统的本土经验

Ethics and practice of the social work of Buddhism in China in the perspective of the local experience of cultural and historical tradition

本文主要探讨了中国佛教社会工作作为文化和历史传统的一种本土经验的几个相关问题。第一,论述了中国佛教社会工作伦理,佛教中如平等、慈悲、福田、布施等诸多伦理思想与西方社会工作伦理相通的价值观。第二,回顾了中国佛教社会工作在历史上的实践形态,包括:早期佛教在印度诞生时是对现实人生与社会苦难的回应;佛教传入中国后,在魏晋南北朝时期提供了社会流动中的福利;唐宋时期的"悲田养病坊"成为"官督寺办"的制度化福利形式;明末清初时期围绕寺院捐赠形成的地方"士绅社会",寺院提供了一个可在其中将士绅地位变成公共权力的社会领域;近代太虚进行佛教改革,提出"人间佛教"的思想体系;当代大陆地区各个佛教寺院的社会服务状况和基金会的运作,台湾慈济佛教社会工作的成功案例。第三,中国现代佛教社会工作实践面临的瓶颈问题及应对策略。

This paper focuses on three related issues about the social work of Buddhism in China in the perspective of the local experience of cultural and historical tradition：firstly,its ethics which finds expression in ethical ideas of Buddhism like equality,mercy,virtues,charity and so on,which are similar to those in Western ethics;secondly,its history like the early Buddhism in India that was a response to the reality and social suffering;the period after the introduction of Buddhism to China,during which it provided welfare in the social mobility in the Wei,the Jin,and the Southern and Northern Dynasties;the period of the Tang and Song dynasties in which the government-sponsored temple became the poverty-relieving office providing the institutionalized welfare;in the period of the late Ming dynasty and the early Qing dynasty during which the gentlemen＇s donation helped form the＂gentry society＂based on the temple that provided them with the possibility of changing their social position into social power;Master Tai Xu in early modern times put forward the idea of＂humanistic Buddhism＂for modern Buddhist reform;the related work and different foundations in the mainland of China in contemporary times,and the success of Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation in Taiwan of China;thirdly,the bottleneck problems in the social work of Buddhism in China and possible solutions.