心梗后心衰大鼠中医证候特点和“由瘀致虚”证动物模型的建立

Characteristics of TCM syndromes in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction and establishment of animal model of “stagnation leading to weakness”syndrome

目的研究心肌梗死(心梗)后心力衰竭(心衰)大鼠的中医证候学特点。方法通过结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立心梗后心衰大鼠模型。术后7天、4周、8周时分别观测模型组与对照组大鼠一般状况、舌象、心率、呼吸频率、力竭性游泳时间等中医学表征,探究动物中医学表征特点。结果模型组大鼠7天、4周还是8周射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率(FS)均较对照组明显降低(P<0.01);模型组大鼠的舌质L值、R值、G值、B值在7天、4周和8周均较对照组明显降低(P<0.05、P<0.01);在7天、4周和8周3个时间点模型组大鼠呼吸频率较对照组明显加快(P<0.05),力竭性游泳时间明显缩短(P<0.05);7天时,模型组心率较对照组差异无统计学意义,至4周时模型组心率较对照组明显加快(P<0.05),至8周时2组大鼠心率仍有差异(P<0.05)。结论心梗后心衰大鼠模型中医证候特点为血瘀与气虚兼见,且血瘀证出现早于气虚证,符合"由瘀致虚"的证候特点。

Objective To study the characteristics of TCM syndromes in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. Methods Rat model with heart failure after myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. At 7- day, 4-week and 8-week after surgery, the general conditions, tongue, heart rate, breathing rate and exhaustive swimming time of the model group and the control group were observed in order to find out the exterior signs of animal in TCM. Results Compared with the control group, ejection fraction（EF） and fractional shortening（FS） of rats in model group were decreased at 7-day, 4-week and 8- week（P 〈0. 01）. Compared with the control group, L, R, G, B value of tongue in the model group at 7-day, 4-week and 8-week were decreased（P 〈0. 05, P 〈0.01 ）. Compared with the control group, the model group at 7-day, 4-week and 8-week also had an faster breathing rate（P 〈 0. 05 ） and a shorter swimming time（P 〈 0. 05）. Compared with the control group, the heart rate of model group had no significant difference at 7-week, while it became faster at 4-week（P 〈0. 05） and 8-week with significant difference（P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The characteristics of TCM syndromes of the rat model with heart failure after myocardial infarction were Qi deficiency and blood stasis found simultaneously. Furthermore, blood stasis appears before Qi deficiency which just follow the characteristics of TCM syndrome ＂stagnation leading to weakness＂ .