法律文本中责任条款设置现状及规范

Problems about the establishment of legal liability clause in legislation

对于法律责任概念的全面、准确把握,应从逻辑构造、社会事实与价值因素三个方面阐释,即法律责任是指在逻辑上相互衔接的法律关系组成、以国家强制力保障对象承担的社会责任,而法律责任条款是指在法律文本中表达法律责任内容的法律条款。根据现行立法的实证考察,我国现行立法中关于法律责任条款的设置存在的问题,包括法律责任条款本身的逻辑结构不完整;责任条款设置的不协调;责任条款的不当衔接;责任设置的过于原则或笼统等问题。通过实证统计数据与规范分析,为下一步解决法律责任条款设置中存在的问题,尤其是构建法律责任条款规则体系,提供有针对性的问题意识与方向指引。

A comprehensive and accurate grasp of the concept of legal liability should be based on the following three aspects： the logical structure,the social facts and value factors. Legal liability means the social censure consisting of legal relationships with interrelated logic and guaranteed by state coercive power,and a legal liability clause refers to the clause that expresses the content of legal liability in a legal text. According to the empirical investigation of the national legislation from1979—2011,there are six problems concerning the establishment of legal liability clauses in China＇s current legislation,including the lack of the legal liability clause itself,the unscientific establishment of the legal liability clause,the imbalance of the establishment,the inaccuracy and non-standards of the establishment,the incardination of the establishment and the establishment being too principled and too general,etc.