不同花生品种脂肪酸组成及其积累规律的研究

Fatty Acid Accumulation Pattern in Different Types of Peanut

以15个花生品种（系）为研究材料,对其油脂含量和脂肪酸组成进行了比较分析。结果显示,所有花生品种（系）种子总油脂含量差异不大,平均为51.34%。主要检测到油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山萮酸、花生酸、花生烯酸、二十四烷酸8种脂肪酸,其中油酸含量最高,品系E1高达85.61%,品系E11的油酸含量最低,仅为37.12%。含量仅次于油酸的是亚油酸,含量在1.44%~37.11%之间,其中品系E11的亚油酸含量最高,品系E1含量最低。同时,选取其中4个品种（系）进行种子发育过程中油脂和脂肪酸含量变化规律的研究。结果显示,在种子发育过程中油脂含量持续积累,呈先快后慢趋势,部分品系在后期油脂含量略有下降。硬脂酸含量逐渐升高,棕榈酸含量逐渐降低。油酸含量的变化规律与亚油酸相反,说明油酸含量的增加可能由于生成亚油酸脂肪酸的减少。

The total lipid content and fatty acid compositions of 15 peanut varieties （lines） were analyzed in this experiment. The results showed that there were minor differences existed in total lipid content among different varieties （lines）. The average content was 51.34%. Eight fatty acids, as ole- ic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, docosanoic acid, arachic acid, arachidonic acid and tetracosanoic acid, were detected. The peanut line E1 accounts for the highest oleic acid content （85. 61%）, whereas line Ell was the lowest （37.12%）. The content of linoleic acid varied from 1.44% to 37.11%. The line Ell accounts for the highest linoleic acid content, whereas line E1 was the lowest. Thus, the contents of fatty acid components varied among different peanut varieties （lines）. Besides, the accumulation patterns of lipids and fatty acids during the developmental stages of peanut seeds were also investigated using four varieties （lines）. The results showed that seed lipid content increased rapid- ly during early stages of seed development, which declined slightly during later stages for some peanut lines. With the increase of lipid content, stearic acid content gradually increased, whereas palmitic acid content de-creased, the relative content of oleic and linoleic acids showed a reverse trend during seed development.