经济与社会的“相配”或“位育”——费孝通成熟期社会学思想的一条理论线索

Compatibility or Positional Cultivation between Economy and Society as a Theoretical Rout of Mr. Fei Xiaotong's Well-considered Social Thought

费孝通成熟期的著作是他一生中最少受外力因素影响、最富学术性、最成体系的研究。本文详细考察了这些研究,认为其中贯穿了一条内在的理论线索,即经济与社会的"相配"或"位育"。"志在富民"是费孝通一生的理想,农村经济问题自然成为他学术关注的焦点。但社会学和人类学的训练使他认识到,农村经济问题的根子,往往并不全在经济因素,也有社会因素的作用。他用"相配"和"位育"概念来概括经济与社会的相互作用关系,并考察了这种关系的变迁与重建。这种融经济与社会、功能与变迁于一体的视野,已经成为中国社会学传统中的重要理论资源。

Mr. Fei Xiaotong's works written in his mature period are the findings with least external infect, richest academic content and obvious systematic feature, which develop along an inner theoretical rout, i.e. compatibility or positional cultivation. Mr. Fei has an ideal to get people rich, so, the problems of countryside become his academic focus naturally. However, because of the training of sociology and anthropology he accepted in his growth, he realized that the root of economic problems in countryside is usually not caused by economic elements, but also the effect of social elements. So, he adopted the conceptions of ‘compatibility' and positional cultivation' to hold the interaction relationship between economy and society, and investigated its change and reconstruction. Now his vision fi eld involved economy, society, function and change together has become an important theoretical resource in China's sociology tradition.