黑龙江省灌溉水利用率分形特征与影响因素分析

Fractal Characteristics and Influence Factors Analysis of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省不同类型灌区发展不均衡，致使多年来黑龙江省灌溉水利用率普遍低于全国平均水平，为实现黑龙江省灌溉水利用率均衡稳步提升，本文对黑龙江省不同类型灌区灌溉水利用率年度分形特征进行研究，利用位序-规模法对黑龙江省样点灌区灌溉水利用率的分形特征进行分析，并利用主成分分析法对黑龙江省灌溉水利用率的影响因素进行识别。结果表明：2009-2014年黑龙江省灌溉水利用率年度分维值D在5．26—6．25区间内，且呈现出由多分形向单分形逐步过渡的结构特点，表明黑龙江省不同类型灌区的灌溉水利用率有逐渐趋于均衡分布的态势；不同类型灌区灌溉水利用率在均衡发展情况下的最大值分别为：大、中型灌区D1=4．58时，η1=44．44％，小型灌区D2=4．79时，η2=53．81％；纯井灌区D3=6．98时，η3=70．41％；全省灌区D=5．13时，η=57．03％；渠系衬砌率和灌区工程配套率对大、中型灌区灌溉水利用率的影响程度远高于其他因素，小型灌区渠系衬砌率影响程度最大，蒸发蒸腾比影响程度最小；田间渗漏量对纯井灌区的灌溉水利用率影响程度最大。

In order to investigate the fractal characteristics and influence factors of irrigation water use efficiency in different scales irrigation areas, the measuring results of irrigation water use efficiency in 115 different scales irrigation area were selected as samples during 2009--2014. The fractal characteristics of above samples were studied by using the method of rank - size distribution, and the influence factors of irrigation water use efficiency of Heilongjiang province were analyzed by using principal component analysis. The result showed that the fractal dimension value D of irrigation water use efficiency of Heilongjiang province was ranged in 5.26 - 6.25 in 2009--2014, and the distribution of irrigation water use efficiency changed from multi-fractal structure to single fractal structure. For the large-middle scale irrigation area （D1= 4.58）, irrigation water use efficiency was the maximum of 44.44%. For the miniature irrigation area （D2 = 4.79） , irrigation water use efficiency was the maximum of 53.81%. For the pure well irrigation area （D3 = 6.98 ）, irrigation water use efficiency can reach maximum of 70.41%. For the whole province （D =5. 13） , irrigation water use efficiency can reach maximum value of 57.03%. In the influence factors analysis for irrigation water use efficiency of different scales irrigation area, the channel lining rate and engineering equipment rate were the most two influential factors to irrigation water use efficiency of large-middle scale irrigation area. To miniature irrigation area, the influence of the channel lining rate was the most, and the influence of the ratio of evaporation to transpiration was the least. Field leakage was the most influential factor to irrigation water use efficiency of pure well irrigation area. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the balanced promotion of irrigation water use efficiency in Heilongjiang province