冷冻-复温过程中葡萄相变过程研究

Research on Phase Transition of Grape during Freezing-Thawing Process

为研究葡萄在冷冻-复温过程的相变过程变化,利用差示扫描量热仪DSC系统对葡萄果肉进行冷冻-复温实验。通过改变葡萄试样冷冻-复温过程的速率、次数、时间间隔、速率梯度以及通过最大冰晶生成带的速率等实验条件,分析实验过程中的热流曲线,对比冷冻-复温过程中的相变潜热、相变结束点、相变开始点以及相变峰值等参数变化,得到不同条件下冷冻-复温过程对葡萄试样的影响规律。研究发现:冷冻过程中速率越大对应的结冰点温度越低,时间越短。增加复温速率梯度能有效提高冰晶融化相变过程的潜热、峰点温度和结束点温度。复温速率由2℃/min变化到20℃/min过程中相变潜热增加了1.79倍,相变峰点温度增加了0.94倍,相变结束点温度增加了5.07倍。该研究对果蔬冷冻-复温过程后的品质恢复提供了依据。

With the improvement of people＇s living standard, people are more and more concerned about the quality of fruits and vegetables during freezing and cold storage. However, fruits and vegetables are constant in the process of freezing - thawing during freezing and cold storage. Therefore, it is very important to research the phase transition of fruits and vegetables during the freezing - thawing process. The phase transition of fruits and vegetables in the freezing - thawing process was studied by using red grape as the test object. Grape pulp was tested with different rates, frequencies, time intervals, rate gradients and the rates through maximum ice crystal generation zone during the freezing-thawing process by DSC. By analyzing the heat flow curve in the experiment, the effect of freezing - thawing process on grape sample under different conditions was found. The greater the freezing rate was, the lower the freezing point temperature was, the shorter the time during the freezing process was. With the increase of the rate, the peak temperature of phase transition, the end point of phase transition temperature and the latent heat of phase change all increased during the process of thawing. In the process of temperature change from 2℃/min to 20℃/min, the latent heat of phase change increased 1.79 times, the peak temperature of phase transition increased 0.94 times, and the end point of phase transition temperature increased 5.07 times. The study provides a basis of quality recovery after freezing - thawing process for fruits and vegetables.