美国对青年学生网络不当言论的管制

On the Regulation of the Internet Improper Speech of Young Students in the U.S.

网络环境具有去中心、匿名、跨区域、互动等特征,因此学生言论自由界定保障与侵害的解决方法,完全不同于真实空间。美国的实践表明,学生在学习阶段具有受学校教育辅导的义务,校方可依据"不得干扰学校秩序或不得侵犯他人权益"标准,对其网络言论进行事前检查和事后监督。管制的言论包括:一是严重干扰和损害学校秩序的网络言论,如引起纠纷危险的网络煽动言论;二是严重侵犯或者羞辱其他师生、特定群体的网络言论,如网络威胁、骚扰、欺凌等言论;三是攻击性言论、猥亵言论等宪法低位阶言论。发生于校园外、课外时间的学生网络言论,只要与学校有所关联,满足"实质干扰"或者"合理的可预见"标准,学校就有权管制。

Due to the decentralization, anonymousness, across-region and interactivity of the internet,the definition, protection and solution of the freedom of speech of young students of the virtual space are different from the Real space. The practice of the U.S. shows that students have the obligations of receiving counseling from schools, schools are granted with the broad authority to limit students＇ speech in the digital media. This article takes a close look at regulation of inappropriate speech of students in the U.S. Public schools should have the power to restrict students＇ inappropriate expression during school hours.