美国高等教育中的“学术漂移”:现象、动因与防治对策

“Academic Drift” in American Higher Education System:Phenomenon,Causes and Control Countermeasures

在美国高等教育规模和高校数量不断扩张的过程中,"学术漂移"现象始终存在,而高校所处的组织环境、高校自身的组织特性、学术共同体专业化程度的提高、学术劳动力市场的变化、教师的薪酬体系以及高校管理人员的考评标准是导致该现象出现的原因。对此,美国高等教育管理者和学术界提出了防治之策:改变传统的高等教育质量观和质量评价标准、成立州级层面的学位项目审批机构。

Along with the unceasing expansion of American higher education scale, the number of colleges and universities continue to grow. In this process, ＂academic drift＂ has always been persisting. Organizational environment surrounding the higher education institutions, organizational features of higher education institutions, the increased specialization and professionalization of the academic community, the change of the academic labor market, the structures of the faculty reward, and evaluating criteria of higher education institutions are seen as causes leading to this phenomenon. The control countermeasures proposed by the higher education administrators and academia include change the ideas of quality and traditional means of defining quality, and creating statewide agencies that had the authority to approve or deny new degree programs.