什么样的教师学习是有效的?——对西方学界三种教师学习理论及实践的思考

What are the Effective Teachers' Learning Strategies? Examining Studies on Teachers' Learning in Different Perspectives in Western Countries

掌握知识与技能、参与学习社群、开展合作研究被西方学界视为教师学习的三种路径。从理论基础、方式策略、实践困境等方面对教师的学习进行审视发现,不同路径的教师学习在现实中呈现出复杂性,其学习效果存在争议。本文认为,有效的教师学习应建基于多层次、立体式、多面向的专业发展生态系统。不同路径的教师学习在实践推进中相互补充,才能较好地促进教师教学实践的持续变革及终身学习。

The literature research shows that the effective teachers＇ learning are in various approaches, such as learning through acquiring knowledge and skills,learning through participating in learning communities and conducting collaborative inquiries. This paper examines the findings from the literature on effective teacher learning in various perspectives and in different aspects, such as learning objectives, strategies and limitations. The results of the survey researches ,quantitative and qualitative studies ,and case studies suggest that different teachers＇ learning approaches have special characteristics respectively and would encounter different difficulties in practice. The arguments identified from the literature conclude that, for the sustainable learning and change for teachers in different career stages, building the hybrid and multi-dimensional learning systems in which different learning approaches complement each other should be highly valued.