21世纪美澳同盟再定义:从联合反恐到应对中国崛起

Redefining the US-Australian Alliance for the 21^(st) Century:From Cooperation against Terrorism to Responding to China's Rise

美澳同盟关系缔结于20世纪50年代,是冷战条件下美国同盟体系的重要一环,成为美国在亚太地区南部的重要战略支点。冷战结束后,美澳同盟关系在经历短暂的"漂浮"后,又趋于稳定并得到进一步强化。进入21世纪后,联合反恐和应对中国崛起成为美澳同盟关系新的催化剂和强心剂。文章拟在分析美澳同盟建立和转型背景基础上,首先探讨澳大利亚作为美国亚太地区战略支点地位是如何确立的;其次分析冷战结束后美澳同盟经历了怎样的挑战和转型;最后重点探讨在中国崛起的形势下,美澳同盟如何进行政策调整及再定义。同时,本文还试图分析作为同盟相对弱小的一方,澳大利亚在追随盟主美国对外战略的同时,如何处理同盟义务与自身国家利益的不一致性,特别是当前经济上依赖中国,安全上依赖美国的矛盾。文章作者认为,作为一项较为明智的政策选择,澳大利亚可能倾向于加深与中国在经济上的合作,同时在政治和安全上仍然依靠美国。与此同时,作为一种长期政策,澳大利亚将会和美国一道,通过国际组织,极力诱使中国遵守美国主导下的国际秩序。

The US-Australia alliance(ANZUS)was forged in the 1950 s,and since that time,Australia has become a critical part of the US Cold War alliance network and a strategic hub for the US in the southern part of the Asia Pacific Region.However,there was a short period of so-called'fluctuation'in the US-Australia alliance relations after the end of Cold War in the 1990 s.In the first and half decades of the 21^(st) Century,a united front against terrorism and the need to respond to China's rise became the new catalysts behind ANZUS.This article analyzes the background behind the establishment of and transition in the US-Australian Alliance.First it considers how Australia became a strategic arc along America's web of alliances across the Asia Pacific region;second,it analyzes the challenges and changes that the alliance has experienced since the end of the Cold War;lastly,it considers how the alliance will adjust and ultimately redefine itself in the face of China's rise.At the same time,the article also attempts to assess how Australia,as the weaker of the two parties of the alliance,balances its national interests versus its obligations to follow America's foreign policy strategy as an American ally.In particular,how does it manage the contradiction between its economic alliance with China and its security alliance with the United States?The author argues that from Australia's vantage point,a wise policy is to foster economic cooperation with China while at the same time relying on the United States with respect to political and security relations.To these ends,Australia will,as a long term policy,keep in strongly supporting the U.S as a dominator power and trying to counteract the expansion of China political and security influence in Asia Pacific region.