急诊科重症监护病房导尿管关联性泌尿道感染的病原体变化及耐药特征分析

The clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing catheter associated urinary tract infection in ICU

目的探讨重症监护病房导尿管关联性泌尿道感染的病原体变化及其耐药特征。方法收集唐山市工人医院急诊科重症监护病房2012年4月至2014年6月收治的500例患者,在留置导尿管后的3、7、14、21d采取闭合式引流袋采集尿液标本,经培养、分离、纯化、筛选以及鉴定后,采取纸片扩散法进行抗菌试验,分析导尿管关联性感染病原体的分布变化与耐药特征。结果共检出导尿管关联性感染菌株358株,其中革兰阳性菌175株,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌(48.57%)和肠球菌(46.86%);革兰阴性菌137株,主要为大肠埃希菌(56.93%);真菌46株,主要为白色念珠菌(47.83%);革兰阳性菌呈逐年减少的趋势,而革兰阴性菌逐年增多;金黄色葡萄球菌与肠球菌对青霉素类、头孢类及喹诺酮类的耐药率均超过50%;大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌对青霉素类、头孢类及喹诺酮类的耐药性较强;铜绿假单胞杆菌对氨苄西林、氨苄西林舒巴坦及头孢唑林的耐药率高达100%。结论大肠埃希菌为重症监护病房导尿管关联性泌尿道感染的主要病原体;病原体的耐药性均较强,应加强临床监测。

Objective To explore the distribution change and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing catheter associat‐ed urinary tract infection in ICU .Methods 500 cases of patients received by emergency department ICU in our hospital from 2012 April~ 2014 June were collected ,urine samples were collected by closed drainage bag after indwelling catheter in 3 ,7 ,14 ,21ds .By culture ,separation ,purification ,screening and identification and antimicrobial disc diffusion experiments ,distribution changes and resistantance of pathogens causing catheter related infections were analyzed .Results 358 strains were found in catheter associated urinary tract infections ,in which 175 strains were Gram‐positive bacteria ,mainly were Staphylococcus aureus （48 .57% ） and en‐terococci （46 .86% ） ,137 were Gram‐negative bacteria ,mainly were E .coli （56 .93% ） ,46 fungi ,mainly were Candida albicans （47 .83% ）;Gram‐positive bacteria showed a decreasing trend ,while Gram‐negative bacteria increased every year;resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci to penicillins ,cephalosporins and quinolones were more than 50% ;Escherichia coli and Kleb‐siella pneumoniae had strong resistance to penicillins ,cephalosporins and quinolones ;resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin ,sulbactam and ampicillin cefazolin up to 100% .Conclusion Escherichia coli is the major pathogens causing ICU catheter associated urinary tract infections;pathogens resistance are strong ,clinical monitoring should be strengthened .