深圳市2013—2015年HIV/AIDS流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Shenzhen City,2013- 2015

目的了解深圳市2013—2015年艾滋病流行特点,为制定切实有效的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统《艾滋病综合防治信息系统》下载历史卡片,获取深圳市2013—2015年新发现的艾滋病病毒（HIV）抗体阳性者信息,并进行流行病学分析。结果 2013—2015年深圳市新发HIV/AIDS病例6 432例,其中HIV感染者4 377例,AIDS病人2 055例。男女性别比为8.5：1;年龄主要集中在20~45岁的青壮年,占87.8%,平均年龄（33.2±10.1）岁;高中及以上文化程度占54.8%;流动和暂住人口占86.2%;性传播为主要传播途径,占93.8%,其中同性性接触传播的感染比重逐年上升（P〈0.000 1）,且在2014年同性性传播比例首次超过异性性传播比例,达到48.8%。结论深圳市HIV/AIDS人群以流动和暂住人口占绝大多数,传播途径以性传播为主,同性性传播已超过异性性传播,成为最主要的传播途径。近期的控制策略为加强对MSM人群和流动人口的防治力度,深入研究和探讨针对MSM人群的综合有效的干预措施,遏制经性途径传播的速度。

Objective To understand the characteristics of AIDS epidemic in Shenzhen City from 2013 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for formulating effective HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies. Methods Through the China disease prevention and control information system ＂information system for the prevention and control of AIDS＂ downloaded history card, access to new AIDS virus （HIV） antibody positive cases information of Shenzhen in 2013-2015, and epidemiological analysis were carried out. Results There were 6 432 HIV positive cases newfound,in which 4 377 cases were HIV positive and 2 055 were diagnosed as AIDS. The ratio of male to female was 8.5：1,most of the cases were people aged from 20 to 45 years （87.8%） and the average age was （33.2±10.1） years. Totally 54.8% of them had the education level of high school or above and 86.2% of them were migrating population.The major route of transmission was sexual contact,accounting for 93.8% of all HIV positive cases. Thereinto,the infection ratio caused by homosexual transmission increased year by year （P〈0.000 1）,moreover,the ratio of same-sex transmission was 48.8%,exceeding heterosexual transmission for the first time in 2014. Conclusion Most of HIV cases are migrating population in Shenzhen. The major route of transmission is sexual contact; moreover,the same-sex transmission was the uppermost transmission which has exceeded heterosexual transmission. The control and prevention of HIV/AIDS in the near future should include strengthening the control of HIV /AIDS among MSM and migrant population,and lucubrating and discussing the integrated intervening measures among MSM,and preventing the transmission through sexual contacts.