海南省2015年中晚期孕妇碘营养水平现状分析

Iodine nutritional levels of middle and late pregnant women in Hainan Province,2015

目的掌握海南省中晚期妊娠期孕妇尿碘水平,评价海南省孕妇碘营养状况,为适时采取针对性防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供依据。方法 （1）按＂人口比例概率抽样方法（PPS）＂在全省范围内确定30个调查点,采取单纯随机抽样方法从每个调查点中抽取1所小学,随机抽取50名8~10岁学生,学校所在乡20名孕妇,采集学生和孕妇24 h任意尿液,检测碘含量。（2）采用整群随机抽样每市县按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区,在每个片区各随机抽取1个乡,在每个乡随机抽取4个村,每个村随机抽检15户居民食用盐,检测碘含量。（3）根据碘盐覆盖和儿童尿碘水平情况,分析不同地区、不同妊娠期孕妇碘营养水平。结果全省孕妇尿碘中位数是130.5μg/L,妊娠中、晚期的尿碘分别是130.5μg/L、132.1μg/L;西部沿海、内陆山区、东部沿海地区孕妇尿碘分别是130.2μg/L、132.7μg/L、132.0μg/L;儿童尿碘中位数在〈100μg/L、100~200μg/L、≥200μg/L地区的孕妇尿碘中位数分别是120.8μg/L、130.4μg/L、132.0μg/L;同一地区儿童尿碘水平与孕妇尿碘之间没有相关性。结论海南省不同妊娠期孕妇碘营养不足,密切关注孕妇的碘营养水平,预防新生儿受到碘缺乏的危害。

Objective To grasp the iodine nutritional levels of pregnant women in different gestation periods and evaluate the status of iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Hainan Province,so as to provide the evidence for taking timely the targeted preventive and control measures and adjusting the intervention strategies. Methods （1） A total of 30 counties were selected from Hainan Province by PPS; one school was randomly selected by the simple random sampling method in each selected sampling county. Totally 50 children of 8-10 years old in each school and 20 pregnant women in each township were randomly selected,and their 24-hour urinary samples were collected and the urinary iodine levels were detected. （2） Five districts （eastern,western,southern,northern and middle districts） in each county were selected,one township of each district was sampled,and 4 villages in each township were randomly selected as the sampling areas. Fifteen households in each village were randomly selected,and their edible salt samples were collected and the iodine levels in the salt were detected. （3） According to the coverage of iodized salt and the urinary iodine levels of children,the iodine nutritional levels of pregnant women were analyzed and evaluated in different areas and different gestation periods of the pregnant women. Results The median of urinary iodine of pregnant women was 130.5 μg/ L in Hainan Province,and the medians of urinary iodine of middle gestation period and late gestation period of pregnant women were 130.5 μg/L and 132.1 μg/L,respectively. The medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 130.2 μg/L,132.7 μg/L,and 132.0 μg/L in the west coastal area,inland mountain area,and east coastal area respectively. The medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 120.8 μg/L,130.4 μg/L,and 132.0 μg/L in the areas where the medians of urinary iodine of children were 〈100 μg/L,100-200 μg/L and ≥200 μg/L respectively. There was no correlation between the level of urinary iodine of children and the level of urinary iodine of pregnant women in the same area. Conclusion In Hainan Province,there is the iodine under-nutrition of pregnant women in different gestation periods. Therefore,we should pay much attention to the iodine nutritional levels of pregnant women in order to prevent the harm of iodine deficiency of newborns.