盐碘标准调整前后惠州市盐碘和尿碘监测状况分析

Status of salt iodine and urinary iodine before and after adjustment of salt iodine in Huizhou City

目的通过2009—2015年连续对惠州市居民户盐碘和儿童尿碘进行监测,评估惠州市盐碘浓度下调前后碘盐质量和儿童碘营养状况。方法按PPS法在惠州市各县区抽取盐样,并在各县区每个监测点抽取其中一间小学儿童的尿样进行监测,采用直接滴定法测定盐中碘含量,采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿中的碘含量,SPSS17.0对数据进行整理和分析。结果 2009、2011、2015年儿童尿碘中位数分别为214.0 mg/L、191.0 mg/L和159.0 mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),儿童尿碘处于适宜水平的分别为33.2%,38.0%,40.2%;各县区儿童尿碘中位数差异有统计学意义,由高到低排序分别是龙门县,惠城区,博罗县,惠阳区,惠东县。2009—2015年盐碘中位数呈下降趋势,2015年食盐中的盐碘中位数下降到25 mg/kg附近。结论惠州市盐碘浓度下调后,居民户盐碘基本在新标准范围内,儿童尿碘整体上处于WHO推荐的适宜水平。

Objective To assess the quality of iodized salt and nutritional status of children before and after the adjustment of salt iodine by consistently monitoring the salt iodine of households and urinary iodine of children in Huizhou City from 2009-2015. Methods According to the method of PPS, the household salt samples were collected in the county monitoring sites and the children urine samples were collected in one primary school of a county. The content of iodine in salt was determined by the direct titration method, and the iodine content in urine was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results The medians of urinary iodine of children were 214.0 mg/L, 191.0 mg/L and 159.0 mg/L in 2009, 2011 and 2015 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The rates of urine iodine of children at appropriate levels were 33.2%, 38%, and 40.2% in 2009, 2011 and 2015 respectively. The medians of children＇s urine iodine had statistically significant difference among the different counties, and from high to low sorting, there were Longmen County, Huicheng District, Boluo County, Huiyang District, and Huidong County. From 2009 to 2015, the medians of salt iodine presented a decline trend, and the median of salt iodine in table salt dropped to near 25 mg/kg in 2015. Conclusion After downgrading the salt iodine concentration, the household salt iodine is basically within the range of new standard, and the urine iodine of children, as a whole, stays at the appropriate level recommended by WHO.