从翻译到译释:创建中国译释学的构想

Some Conceptional Thoughts on Chinese Translation and Interpretation Studies

构建具有中国学术品格的翻译理论,必然意味着全面厘清其核心概念系统,阐明它们相对于西方译论的独特之处。"翻译"就是中国译论的内核术语。它和西方译学的核心术语"translate"语义基因不同,但后者的语义诱导使我国外语界将"翻译学"等同于"Translation Studies"或"Translation and Interpreting Studies"。本文根据"翻译"在汉语中的语义规范,提出译释学和中国译释学概念。中国译释学主要从历时和共时角度研究发生在中国境域内的译释现象。它有纵横两大主脉:纵脉是以儒经注疏为典型的我国文化典籍的历代译释,横脉是以佛典汉译和西方典籍汉译为典型的外国文化典籍的口头或笔头译释。二者交织,造就了我国的学术版图和思想文化发展形态。

The establishment of Chinese translation theory necessarily requires the clarification of a clear cut system and concepts of its own. 'Fanyi'(翻译) is the kernel of the concept system of Chinese translation theory. The words 'fanyi'(翻译) and 'translate' have very different primary senses,yet the influences of Western'Translate Studies',or of 'Translation and Interpreting Studies'may have misled Chinese understanding of 'fanyi xue'(翻译学) with semantic reatons. The paper,therefore puts forward the conception of 'zhongguo yishixue'(中国译释学),or Chinese Translation and Interpretation Studies(CTIS),which studies China's interpretation and translation phenomena from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. The two main threads of CTIS are:(1) the translation and interpretation of Chinese cultural canons,typified by the long lasting annotation of Confucian classics;(2) the Chinese translation and interpretation of foreign cultural canons,typified by the introduction of Buddhist cannons in Chinese medieval times and of Western works in modern times. The two interwoven threads have woven the picture of Chinese scholarship as well as Chinese ideology and culture.